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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e21211, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439524

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hydrocotyle umbellata L., Araliaceae, is a species that is recommended in Ayurvedic medicine for its effects on the central nervous system, such as anxiolytic and memory-stimulant effects. Despite the medicinal potential of this species, its phytopharmaceutical and technological potential to produce standardized extracts has not been investigated. This study analyzes the influence of spray drying parameters on the contents of the chemical markers (total phenolic, total flavonoid, and hibalactone) and the functional properties of H. umbellata extract. The optimization of drying conditions was performed using a central composite design combined with response surface methodology and desirability function approach. The mathematical models fitted to experimental data indicated that all the evaluated drying parameters significantly influenced the chemical contents. The optimal conditions were: inlet temperature of 120 °C, feed flow rate of 4 mL min-1, and colloidal silicon dioxide:maltodextrin ratio of 16%:4%. Under these conditions, the powder samples had spherical particles and desirable physicochemical and functional properties, such as low water activity and moisture content, good product recovery, reconstitution, and flowability. Thus, spray drying might be a promising technique for processing standardized H. umbellata extracts.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Araliaceae/classification , Process Optimization , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Spray Drying , Phytotherapy/instrumentation
2.
Rev. patol. trop ; 48(4): 225-232, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099560

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the larvicidal activity of Pterodon polygalaeflorus oil extract against the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. For this, crushed P. polygalaeflorus fruit underwent solvent extraction to obtain the oil extract. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For the bioassays third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were utilized. Tests were carried out to determine the larvicidal activity and the residual effect under laboratory conditions, as well as field screening (small scale). The major components of P. polygalaeflorus oil extract were, respectively, E-caryophyllene, germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. Lethal concentrations of 50% and 90% were 36.5 and 64.8 ?g/mL respectively. The solution presented a residual effect for seven days and the efficiency of the product was preserved under field conditions. The results encourage continuing studies with the oil extract of P. polygalaeflorus as a research target for bioinsecticides.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Vector Control of Diseases , Polygala , Larvicides , Insecticides
3.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 25(5): 522-525, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-765079

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTThe oil from seeds of Dipteryx alata Vogel, Fabaceae, popularly known as baru, was extracted by hydraulic and continuous screw pressing. A total of eleven chemical constituents obtained by hydraulic pressing, including steroids, mono and sesquiterpenes and tocopherol derivatives were identified by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Compounds limonene, β-elemene, γ-elemene, α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and cycloartenol are being described for the first time in the baru oil.

4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-705092

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição química e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais obtidos das folhas (frescas e secas) e flores da Callistemon viminalis. Os óleos essenciais foram analisados por CG/EM. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada utilizando o método de microdiluição em caldo frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas. De um total de 96,72%, 98,70% dos compostos identificados nos óleos essenciais foram monoterpenos. O 1,8-cineol foi o componente majoritário no óleo essencial das folhas frescas (70,43%), folhas secas (71,71%) e flores (42,39%), seguido do tricicleno com 12,97% nas folhas frescas, 8,20% nas folhas secas e 28,08% nas flores. A CIM para todos os micro-organismos testados foi ≥ a 2.000 μg/mL. Esse estudo é o primeiro relato sobre a composição química e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial das flores de C. viminalis.


The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Callistemon viminalis leaves (fresh and dried) and flowers. The essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined by the broth microdilution method. Between 96.72% and 98.70% of the compounds identified in the essential oils were monoterpenes. 1,8-Cineole was the major component in the essential oils of fresh leaves (70.43%), dried leaves (71.71%) and flowers (42.39%), followed by tricyclene: 12.97% in the fresh leaves, 8.20% in the dried leaves and 28.08% in the flowers. The MIC for all microorganisms tested was ≥ 2,000 μg/mL, for all the essential oil samples. This study is the first report on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the flowers of C. viminalis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Myrtaceae/microbiology , Myrtaceae/chemistry , Oils, Volatile , Phytotherapy
5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-705094

ABSTRACT

Citrus limettioides (Rutaceae) é utilizada popularmente para tratamento da sinusite, e também como antitérmica e hipotensora. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: identificar os constituintes dos óleos essenciais da folha e da casca dos frutos de C. limettioides; avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais da folha e da casca dos frutos e realizar o estudo anatômico da folha e caule jovem. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger modificado e analisados por CG-EM. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada utilizando o método de microdiluição em caldo frente a bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e fungos. Para o estudo anatômico foram realizados cortes histológicos a mão livre e as secções foram coradas com azul de Alcian/safranina, reagente de Steinmetz, lugol e analisados em microscopia de luz. O linalol foi o componente majoritário no óleo essencial das folhas (36,88 a 45,15%) e o limoneno no óleo da casca dos frutos (70,60 a 75,18%). O óleo essencial das folhas apresentou CIM de 2000 μg/mL frente às bactérias e nenhuma atividade frente aos fungos. O óleo essencial da casca dos frutos não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana. A folha é hipoestomática, predominando os estômatos anomocíticos; o mesofilo é dorsiventral com parênquima paliçádico bisseriado e parênquima lacunoso com 11 camadas de células. Cavidades secretoras foram observadas no mesofilo da folha, no pecíolo e no caule, enquanto cristais prismáticos foram identificados em todas as estruturas da folha e do caule. Os dados obtidos no estudo microscópico podem auxiliar na identificação taxonômica desta planta e na avaliação da autenticidade da droga vegetal.


Citrus limettioides (Rutaceae), a sweet lime, is popularly used to treat sinusitis, and as an antipyretic and hypotensive agent.the aim of this study was to identify the constituents of the essential oils from the leaf and fruit peel of C. limettioides, test the antimicrobial activity of these essential oils and perform an anatomical study of the leaf and young stem. Essential oils were isolated by steam distillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were determined by broth microdilution.Anatomical studies were performed on freehand histological sections, which were stained with Alcian blue / safranin, Steinmetz reagent and lugol and analyzed by light microscopy. Linalol was the major component in the leaf essential oil (36.88 to 45.15%) and limonene in the fruit peel essential oil (70.60 to 75.18%).the essential oil from leaves showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria (MIC 2000 μg/mL) and no activity against fungi.the essential oil from the fruit peel showed no antimicrobial activity. the leaf is hypostomatic with predominance of anomocytic stomata, the mesophyll is dorsiventral with biseriate palisade and 11 layers of spongy parenchyma cells.Secretory cavities were observed among the mesophyll cells of the leaf, petiole and stem, whilst prismatic crystals were identified in all structures of leaf and stem. the anatomical data obtained in the microscopic study may help in the taxonomic identification of this plant and to verify the authenticity of the drug plant.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Citrus aurantiifolia/anatomy & histology , Citrus aurantiifolia/microbiology , Oils, Volatile , Phytotherapy
6.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 23(2): 224-229, Mar.-Apr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-669515

ABSTRACT

Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, Fabaceae, is a tree species commonly known as "sucupira-branca". It is a popular medicinal plant in the Brazilian cerrado (Savanna). This study investigates the chemical variability of the essential oils from fruits of P. emarginatus. The fruits were collected from five sites in the Brazilian Cerrado and their essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS. The results obtained by Principal Component and Cluster Analysis identified two groups: cluster I containing β-caryophyllene and δ-elemene and cluster II containing α-copaene, β-cubebene, allo-aromadendrene, α-cubebene and γ-muurulene. The Canonical Discriminant Analysis was used to differentiate between clusters on the basis of essential oil composition. The results showed high variability in the composition of the essential oils from fruits of P. emarginatus, contributing to studies of domestication of this species.

7.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 21(6): 1127-1137, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602310

ABSTRACT

Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae, a plant from the Cerrado known as pacari or dedaleiro, is widely used as an antipyretic, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal and in the treatment of gastritis and cancer. Notable among the metabolite groups identified in leaves of L. pacari are the polyphenols, such as tannins and flavonoids, related to the pharmacological activities of pacari. Studies on the influence of environmental factors over production of major groups of secondary metabolites in pacari are important because they contribute data for its cultivation and harvest, and establish quantitative parameters of secondary metabolites in the plant drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on concentrations of phenolic metabolites in the leaves of L. pacari. Compounds quantified in the leaves were: total phenols, tannins by protein precipitation, hydrolysable tannins, total flavonoids, ellagic acid and mineral nutrients, while soil fertility was also analyzed, all over a period of one year. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis, and the results suggest that metabolite concentrations in the leaves of this plant are influenced by seasonal factors, in particular the temperature and foliar micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn).

8.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 47(2): 269-277, Apr.-June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595815

ABSTRACT

"Guaraná" (Paullinia cupana) is used as a physical activity enhancer and stimulator due to its methylxanthines and condensed tannins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dissolution behavior of five herbal medicines in the form of capsules and tablets containing guaraná. Assay and dissolution methods were validated and results obtained allowed simultaneous marker quantification with precision, accuracy, selectivity and robustness. Findings showed that 100 percent of the herbal medicinal products analyzed did not provide satisfactory results concerning the presence of four markers, 60 percent had three markers (caffeine, catechin and epicatechin), while 40 percent had only caffeine at tested dosage forms. In addition, after 30 minutes, only capsule A showed at least 80 percent of the dissolved markers. In other capsules, marker dissolution did not exceed 60 percent whereas 60 percent of the samples had some characteristic pharmacotechnical problems. These results evidence the need for rigorous quality control to help ensure the therapeutic action of these drugs. To this end, dissolution studies are an essential tool for quality assurance of herbal medicines.


Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) é utilizado como revigorante e estimulante devido à presença de metilxantinas e taninos condensados. Este trabalho visou avaliar o comportamento de dissolução de cinco fitoterápicos, na forma de cápsulas e comprimidos, contendo guaraná. O método de quantificação e de dissolução foram validados e os resultados obtidos permitiram a quantificação dos marcadores simultaneamente, com precisão, exatidão, seletividade e robustez. Foi verificado que 100 por cento dos fitoterápicos analisados encontravam em desacordo quanto à presença dos quatro marcadores, sendo que 60 por cento apresentaram três marcadores (cafeína, catequina e epicatequina) e 40 por cento apresentaram somente a cafeína. Além disso, após o tempo de 30 minutos de ensaio foi possível observar que somente a cápsula A apresentou pelo menos 80 por cento dos marcadores dissolvidos. Nas demais cápsulas o comportamento de dissolução apresentado pelos marcadores não ultrapassou 60 por cento e, além disso, 60 por cento das amostras apresentaram alguns problemas farmacotécnicos característicos. Frente aos resultados obtidos torna-se evidente a necessidade de um rigoroso controle de qualidade que contribua para assegurar a ação terapêutica desses medicamentos e, nesse sentido, o estudo de dissolução constitui uma ferramenta essencial para a garantia de qualidade dos fitoterápicos.


Subject(s)
Dissolution/analysis , /pharmacology , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Plants, Medicinal , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Pharmacognosy/methods , Quality Control
9.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(1): 19-24, jan.-fev. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572229

ABSTRACT

Purpose: In this work, angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) ethanolic extract and dichloromethane and hexanic fractions were evaluated, considering medicinal properties, especially healing activity, are attributed to this plant. Methods: Models using 36 rats and 90 embryonated eggs were used to evaluate healing and angiogenic activities of extracts and fractions of the plant, through the induction of skin wounds and the chorioallantoic membrane, respectively. The effect of vascular proliferation was also tested from the study to verify the intensity of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cutaneous wounds in rats. Results: The angiogenic activity of the extract and the fractions was evidenced in both experimental models. It was verified that this effect is not directly related to the expression of VEGF and it could be associated to other pro-angiogenic factors. Conclusion: The healing activity referred to C. officinalis is related, among other factors, to its positive effect on angiogenesis, characterized by the induction of neovascularization.


Objetivo: Neste trabalho a atividade sobre a angiogênese do extrato etanólico (EEC) e das frações diclorometano e hexânica das flores de Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) cultivada no Brasil foram avaliados, visto que propriedades medicinais têm sido atribuídas às flores da planta, destacando-se a atividade cicatrizante. Métodos: Modelos utilizando 36 ratos e 90 ovos embrionados foram usados para avaliar as atividades cicatrizante e angiogênica dos extratos e frações da planta, por meio da indução de feridas cutâneas e da membrana corioalantóide, respectivamente. O efeito proliferativo vascular foi também testado a partir do estudo imunoistoquímico, realizado para verificar a intensidade da expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) na derme de ratos. Resultados: A atividade angiogênica do extrato e das frações foi evidenciada nos dois modelos experimentais empregados. Foi evidenciado que este efeito não estava diretamente relacionado à expressão do VEGF, podendo estar associado a outros fatores pró-angiogênicos. Conclusão: A atividade cicatrizante referida a C. officinalis está relacionada ao seu efeito positivo sobre a angiogênese, e este foi caracterizado pela indução de neovascularização.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Female , Rats , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology , Calendula/chemistry , Flowers/chemistry , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Wound Healing/drug effects , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/isolation & purification , Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply , Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects , Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Skin/blood supply , Skin/injuries , Skin/metabolism , Wound Healing/physiology
10.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 46(3): 455-462, July-Sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-564911

ABSTRACT

Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. can be found from Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul states, and also in Paraguay and Bolivia. It is popularly known as pacari or mangava-brava and is used to promote weight loss, as an anti-thermal or tonic, to treat gastritis, ulcers, scarring, itching, discouragement, and cancer. In the open field tests, the hydroalcoholic extract from L. pacari stem bark (HEP) decreased the number of rearings, number of invaded squares, and increased immobility time compared to control animals. In the pentobarbital-induced sleep time test, HEP decreased latency time to sleep and increased sleeping time. In the rota-rod test, no changes in the studied parameters were observed. In the elevated plus maze, HEP increased the percentage time and percentage entries in the open arms, indicating that this extract exerts an anxiolytic-like activity.


Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., uma espécie vegetal presente no Brasil, do Amapá ao Rio Grande do Sul, no Paraguai e na Bolívia, é popularmente conhecida como pacari ou mangava-brava e é utilizada como emagrecedor, cicatrizante, antitérmico, tônico e para tratar gastrite, úlcera, coceira, desânimo e câncer. No teste do campo aberto, o tratamento com o extrato hidro-alcoólico de pacari (HEP) reduziu o número de rearings e o número de quadrados invadidos além de aumentar o tempo de imobilidade dos animais em relação ao controle. No sono induzido por pentobarbital sódico o tratamento com HEP causou redução na latência e aumento na duração do sono. No rota-rod, o tratamento com HEP não alterou os parâmetros observados. No teste de labirinto em cruz elevado, com o tratamento com HEP foi observado aumento do percentual do tempo de permanência e de entradas nos braços abertos, caracterizando uma atividade tipo ansiolítica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Higher Nervous Activity , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Plant Bark , Plant Extracts , Plant Roots , Anti-Anxiety Agents/chemistry , Experimental Development , Pharmacognosy , Data Interpretation, Statistical
11.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 20(3): 328-333, jun.-jul. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555911

ABSTRACT

Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae, popularly known as pacari, is a Cerrado's native specimen; the stem bark extract is used in folk for pain and inflammation, also showing sedating activity. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti inflammatory activities of ethanol extract from pacari leaves (EEPL). These activities were verified in mice. The previous treatment with EEPL 1.0 g/kg showed antinociceptive activity both in the acetic acid-induced writing test and in the formalin-induced model of pain, and in neurogenic and inflammatory phases as well. In the croton oil-induced ear edema, the pre-treatments with EEPL reduced the edema in a dose-dependent manner. Also in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis, the two major doses tested (2.0 and 1.5 g/kg p.o.) were able to reduce the leukocyte migration in a dose-dependent manner. The Central Nervous System tests showed that the extract does not elicit uncoordinated motricity, hypnosis or sedating effects. The results showed that EEPL maintains the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the stem bark of pacari, being the collect of leaves more favorable to the preservation of this Cerrado's native specimen.


O pacari (Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae) é uma espécie vegetal nativa do cerrado, o extrato da casca de caule é utilizado popularmente para dores e inflamação, tendo mostrado atividade sedativa. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do extrato etanólico das folhas do pacari (EEFP) como analgésico e antiinflamatório. As atividades analgésica e antiinflamatória foram verificadas em camundongos. O tratamento prévio com EEFP 1,0 g/kg mostrou atividade antinociceptiva tanto no método das contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético como também no modelo de dor induzida por formalina, tanto na fase neurogênica quanto na fase inflamatória. Os pré-tratamentos com o EEFP reduziram o edema de orelha, induzido por óleo de cróton, de forma dose-dependente. Os testes de atividade no sistema nervoso central mostraram que o extrato não provoca incoordenação motora nem hipnose ou sedação. Os resultados mostram que o EEFP mantém as atividades analgésica e antiinflamatória do extrato das cascas do caule do pacari, sendo que a coleta das folhas favorece a preservação desta espécie nativa do cerrado.

12.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 18(4): 532-538, Oct.-Dec. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-509045

ABSTRACT

The Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul. (BG) Moraceae, with a high frequency inregions of the Brazilian cerrado (shrubland) and popularly known as “mamacadela”, holds photosensitizing furocoumarins. The BG’s main therapeutic use is the treatment of vitiligo, a skin depigmentation disease that takes hold of approximately 1-2 % of the world population. There is one product on the marketplace (Viticromin®), for which there is no scientifi c research availableabout its experimental toxicity, in spite of its proven clinical effi cacy. Therefore, the development of acute pre-clinical toxicity trials has been proposed (approximate lethal dose, ALD, and median lethal dose, LD50) of the BG root exsudate in laboratory animals. Male, albino mice weighing between 25 and 30 g, in good sanitation conditions have been used. The mice received water and food ad libitum. The BG powder was mixed in 0.9% saline solution and 0.5% cremophor and was administered po and ip. The LD50 was obtained through the Lichtfi eld and Wilcoxon (1949) method. A public domain software was used for the calculations. Ten mice/dose were used - 6 groups for each administration via, including the control group - and the number of deaths within up to 14 days was considered; the control group received an emulsion made up by 0.9 saline solution and 0.5% cremophor. Before establishing the LD50 and aiming at reducing the number of animals used, the DLA was determined when 1 animal per dose was used (the next dose always 50% higher than the previous dose), until identifying the dose that led to the death of 1 animal. Thus, the DLA po was 3750 mg/kg and the DLA ip, 2920 mg/kg. The LD50 po was 3517.54 mg/ kg and the LD50 ip was 2871.76 mg/kg. The product was considered as of being of low toxicity, taking into account only the single dose acute toxicity.


O Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul. (BG) família Moraceae, é largamente distribuído nas regiões de cerrado doBrasil e é popularmente conhecido como “mamacadela” e possui, na sua composição química, furocumarinas fotossensibilizantes. O principal uso terapêutico do BG é no tratamento do vitiligo, uma doença despigmentante da pele com prevalência de aproximadamente 1-2% da populaçãomundial. Há um produto no mercado (Viticromin®), que é comercializado com tal fi nalidade, havendo poucos dados disponíveis acerca da toxicidade experimental, ao lado de eficácia clínicacomprovada. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de estudos de toxicidade pré-clínica foi proposto (dose letal aproximada, DLA e dose letal mediana, DL50) para o exsudato da raiz de BG em animais de laboratório. Foram utilizados camundongos machos, albinos, pesando entre 25 e 30 g, em boas condições sanitárias, recebendo água e ração ad libitum. O pó de BG foi suspenso em solução salina 0,9% com 0,5% de cremofor e administrado p.o. (gavage) e intraperitonealmente. A DL50 foi obtida através do método de regressão linear de Lichtfi eld & Wilcoxon (1949), utilizando um software de domínio público. Foram formados 6 grupos de 10 animais para cada via de administração, incluindo grupo controle, e o número de mortes foi observado durante 14 dias; o grupo controle recebeu uma emulsão de solução salina 0,9% com 0,5% de cremofor. Antes de estabelecer a DL50 e visando reduzir o número de animais utilizados, determinou-se a DLA,utilizando 1 animal por dose (a próxima dose 50% maior do que a dose anterior), até identifi car a dose letal para 1 animal. Assim, a DLA p.o. foi de 3750 mg/kg e a DLA i.p., 2920 mg/kg. A DL50 p.o. foi de 3517,54 mg/kg e a DL50 i.p. foi 2871,76 mg/kg. O produto foi considerado possuir baixa toxicidade, considerando apenas uma dose neste ensaio de toxicidade aguda.

13.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 16(2): 211-215, abr.-jun. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570982

ABSTRACT

Castanha-da-índia (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), hipérico (Hypericum perforatum L.), guaraná (Paullinia cupana H.B.K.) e ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) fazem parte de formulações de medicamentos fitoterápicos muito comercializados no Brasil. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a qualidade de amostras de pós e extratos destas plantas. Para a determinação do teor de princípios ativos foram aplicados métodos farmacopéicos ou citados na literatura científica e os resultados demonstraram serem adequados para a análise destes produtos farmacêuticos. Verificou-se que 60 por cento das amostras analisadas de guaraná e ginkgo estavam em desacordo com as especificações farmacopéicas ou as declaradas pelos laudos dos fabricantes, em relação ao teor de princípios ativos. Além disso, 100 por cento e 20 por cento, respectivamente, das amostras de hipérico e de castanha-da-índia apresentaram teores abaixo das especificações. Os dados obtidos mostraram ser de grande importância e necessidade a implementação de técnicas quantitativas no controle de qualidade físico-químico de matérias-primas vegetais.


Pharmaceutical preparations containing Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hypericum perforatum L., Paullinia cupana H.B.K. and Ginkgo biloba L. have large market. In this work the quality of the powder or extracts of these plants were evaluated. Pharmacopoeia methods or those cited on cientific literature for quantification of active substances were employed and the data showed them to be adequate for these analyses. The analytical results demonstrated that 60 percent of the samples of P. cupana and G. biloba, and 100 percent and 20 percent, respectively of samples of H. perforatum and A. hippocastanum were not in agreement with the specifications. This analysis showed to be valuable for herbal medicines quality control.

14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(1): 55-58, Feb. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-398117

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcal infection had an increased incidence in last years due to the explosion of acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic and by using new and effective immunosuppressive agents. The currently antifungal therapies used such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole have certain limitations due to side effects and emergence of resistant strains. So, a permanent search to find new drugs for cryptococcosis treatment is essential. Ocimum gratissimum, plant known as alfavaca (Labiatae family), has been reported earlier with in vitro activity against some bacteria and dermatophytes. In our work, we study the in vitro activity of the ethanolic crude extract, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroformic fractions, essential oil, and eugenol of O. gratissimum using an agar dilution susceptibility method towards 25 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. All the extracts of O. gratissimum studied showed activity in vitro towards C. neoformans. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentration values the most significant results were obtained with chloroformic fraction and eugenol. It was observed that chloroformic fraction inhibited 23 isolates (92 percent) of C. neoformans at a concentration of 62.5 æg/ml and eugenol inhibited 4 isolates (16 percent) at a concentration of 0.9 æg/ml. This screening may be the basis for the study of O. gratissimum as a possible antifungal agent.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Ocimum , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Leaves , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
15.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 6(2): 165-169, maio-ago. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-350964

ABSTRACT

As plantas medicinais vêm sendo utilizadas pelo homem há muito tempo. Baseado no uso popular das plantas é que pesquisas científicas são desenvolvidas para comprovar seus efeitos terapêuticos. A Calendula officinalis é uma planta de origem mediterrânea sobre a qual existem muitas pesquisas. Portanto, uma revisão bibliográfica foi feita para compilar dados sobre essa planta


Subject(s)
Humans , Calendula , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Extracts
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